B+Block

toc
 * ~ ==B Block Team Pages== ||
 * Red Group ||
 * Ruby Group ||
 * Scarlet Group ||
 * Brick Group ||
 * Maroon Group ||

=B Block Digital Glossary= A Active Transport-the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy Anther-the part of the stamen that contains the pollen

B

C Cell membrane- The cell membrane is the coating around the cell which allows things in and out. Also, the membrane keeps all the cells organelles and cytoplasm inside.

Community- Many different organisms living in the same area or habitat

chloroplasts- organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plant and algae cells

Cell-a cell is the basic unit of life

Cell Wall-a cell wall is a tough but flexible rigid layer that is usually around cells

Cellular Respiration- the act of the cell getting energy from food molucules and turning it into ATP energy and then releasing the waste products (NI)

D Data- Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

Dependent Variable- The part of the experiment that is changed through the process of the experiment.

Diffusion-the movement of these particles from an area with high concentration to low

Deletion Mutation- This is when a base pair is left out in the order of the bases on a strand of DNA.

Dominant Trait- the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred--example: T (tall) is dominant compared to t (not tall)

E Extremophiles- Extremophiles are cells that can live in extreme environments that other cells can not live in.

Exocytosis- when a waste particle leaves the cell when its vesicle joins with the cell membrane and it is spit out.

Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)- the ER is repsonsible for the production of the protein and lipids of most of the cell's organelles.

Ecosystem- a system that is formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

Eukaryotic- A cell or organism that DOES have a nucleus to hold DNA and membrane bound organelles.

Endocytosis-when a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it to bring it into the cell

F Fermentation- the process of breaking down glucose for energy without using oxygen.

G Golgi Complex-Processes, packages, and transports materials sent to it from the ER.

H Hypothesis- an educated guess about the experiment

I Insertion Mutation- a mutation in which an extra base is added--example: GCT could become GCAT if A were inserted

J

K

L

M Mitochondria-an organelle that turns proteins and sugars into ATP energy to power the cell

Multicellular- an organism that is made up of two or more cells.

Mutation- the changing in sturcture in a gene.

Mutagen-Any physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation in DNA. N

Nucleus- is an organelle in eukaryotic cells only that contains the DNA. It's important to growth, metabolism, and reproduction

O

Osmosis- the diffusion of water

Organelles- all the parts that make up a cell. Like the mitochondria or nucleus.

Organism-an organism is something that can function by itself

Organ system- a group of organs that work together to perform body functions

Organ- two or more tissues together that work together to perform a job. (ex. stomach)

P Passive Transport-the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Prokaryotic- A cell or organism that does NOT have a nucleus to hold DNA or membrane bound organelles.

Photosynthesis: the process when plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food

Population: a group individuals in the same species living in the same location

Pistil- the female organs of a flower that consists of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Q

R Ribosomes-where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins; some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and others are attached to membranes or the cytoskeleton

Recessive Trait- the less powerful of the traits, dominant and recessive; when the dominant trait isn't chosen the recessive trait is chosen

RNA - a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays an important role in protein production

S Science- the observing and experimenting the physical, structure, behavior, and the natural parts of the world

Stigma- the part of the pistil receives the pollen during pollination T Tissue- a group of cells that work together to do one function

U Unicellular- an organism that is made up of only one cell.

V Vesicle: a small sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when a part of the cell membrane surrounds materials to be brought into the cell or moved within the cell

Vacuole: a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a plant cell surrounded by a cell membrane while containing water

W

X

Y

Z

Go To Top

=Chapter 4 Notes:= 1. Explain Chargaff’s Rule. Chargaff's rule is A=T and C=G.

2. What was Rosalind Franklin’s discovery?

3. What did Watson and Crick create a model of? They made a model of DNA based on what they had observed, they made it look like a ladder with a double helix.

4. Explain DNA Replication.

5. How are DNA and RNA different? (at least 4 ways)- DNA and RNA are different because DNA cannot leave the Nucleus and RNA can. RNA is made of only one strand and DNA is made up of two. DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA had ribose sugar instead. DNA has thymine and RNA has Uracil in its place.

6. Explain how a protein is made.

7. What are some things in our environment that can cause a mutation?

8. What three possible outcomes could there be for a mutation? The three possible out comes for a mutation is improved, no change, and harmful.

=Chapter 3 Notes:= 1. Explain the Difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination. In a self-pollinated flower, the flower can reproduce on its own because it has both the stamen and the pistil. With cross-pollination, two flowers reproduce. One flower would have a stamen and the other a pistil.

2. Explain the relationship between a pollinator and a flower. A pollinator travels to different flowers, carrying pollen. This pollinates other flowers, which causes reproduction.

3. Explain and give examples of genotypes that are homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous genotypes have two capital letters or two lower case letters. For example, RR and pp are both homozygous. Heterozygous is when the two letter are different, one lower and one capital. For instance, Rr and Pp are two examples of heterozygous.

4. Explain the difference between incomplete dominance and co-dominance. Incomplete dominance is when the each allele has its own degree of influence. For example, if one allele is red and one allele is white a flower will be pink. Co-dominance is when each allele shows in the result. For instance, if the alleles for a flower are red and white, the flower petals may be red with white splotches.

5. Explain how Mitosis and Meiosis are different.

6. Explain sex-linked disorders and give an example.

=Chapter 2 Notes:= 1. Explain the difference between diffusion and osmosis. The difference between osmosis and diffusion is osmosis only happens in water while diffusion happens in gases and anything else.

2. Explain why cells need to have the ability to perform active/passive transport and endocytosis/exocytosis. The cells need to have that abillity because if not there would be no flow and we would die.

3. Explain the relationship between the photosynthesis and respiration equations. The relationship between the two equations is that they are the exact opposite of each other.

4. What is the difference between respiration and fermentation? The difference between respiration and fermentation is respiration does need oxygen and fermentation does not.

5. Write out the word formula for respiration: Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water

6. Write out the word formula for photosynthesis: Carbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen

=Chapter 1 Notes:= 1. What characteristics to do all cells have in common? Cells have plenty of things in common. They all have the same organelles that do the same functions so they can live. Multi-Celular and unicellular organisms really on their cells to keep them alive. 2. Explain why multicellular organisms have an advantage over unicellular organisms. (state three benefits) Being multicellular means you are a larger size which means fewer predators. Also having a longer life because if one cell dies it can be replaced unlike a singular cell if it dies it is gone. And specialization is part of being multicellular. This is where there are many different cells in multicellular cell and each of them have a specific job so that they split the work that a single celled organism would have to do. Which means the multicellular organism is more efficient.

3. Explain why cells are so small. Cells are so small because they take in food and get rid of wastes through their outer surface. The area of a cell's surface limits the cell's size.

4. Explain the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells have no nuclei, where eukaryotic cells have nuclei.

5. What organelles to plant cells have that animal cells do not have. The organelles that plants cells have and animal cells do not are cell walls,chloroplasts, and a large vacuole.

6. Put the levels of organization of living things in order from smallest to largest.

Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Population Community Ecosystem (NI)

=Scientific Method Notes= Step 1:

Step 2: gather information- taking all the things you already know and making an observation.

Step 3:hypothesis-this is an educated guess about what the results will be

Step 4: test hypothesis- testing your explanation or idea of how something works or is.

Step 5: Collect and Study Data: checking for accuracy and no mistakes that would affect the final outcome

Step 6: Conclusion- the final product on what you have tested.

Step 7: Communicate Your Results- Share and present information = = =Science Safety Tips=
 * Never cut objects while holding them in your hand. (Charlotte)
 * Always wear eye wear.
 * Look at electric cords to make sure they aren't where someone could trip over it. Make sure to unplug all electrical equipment when you are done using it, and turn it off.
 * Check to make sure that all glass you are using has no cuts or cracks. (Erin)
 * Use all knives or other sharp objects with extreme care! Never cut anything while it is in your hand. Place it on a suitable work surface for cutting.

Go To Top

Last Revised: {$revisiondate}